Austrians are generally afraid of another Third Reich, so nationalism is cut down as soon as it starts to appear. However, in the last parliamentary elections, two right-wing parties got (in total) over 30% and this caused much media attention, also internationally. This can mainly be seen as a failure of the last government, not as a rise in Nationalism.
Austrian Empire, Russian Empire and Ottoman Empire suffered from the forces of nationalism.
Austrian Empire, Russian Empire, and Ottoman Empire
the Austrian Hapsburgs and the Ottoman Turks
Austrian and Hungarian
Different peoples throughout the Austrian and Ottoman Empires began to realize, on account of nationalist ideas, that they had unique customs and traditions. Originally, they had no concept of coherent local identity, they could tell that whatever they were, they were not Austrian Germans or Ottoman Turks. This provided the groundswells that would lead to the Nationalist movements as each of these conquered groups began to articulate what their cultural views were, how they defined themselves, and their historical narratives. These Nationalist Movements led to wars of independence throughout the Austrian and Ottoman Empires. In the Austrian Empire there was a sustained revolt by Hungarians and smaller revolts by Poles, Czechs, and Slovenes. In the Ottoman Empire, successful wars for independence were launched by the Serbs, Greeks, Bulgarians, Montenegrins, and Romanians.
Austrian and Hungarian
Austrian, Russian and Ottoman Empires. All of these contained different national and cultural groups that wanted independence.
Austrian and Hungarian
dual monarchy.
a single ruler
a single ruler
a single ruler