Elitism
Communism is not totalitarian. A Communist world would have no government or classes or money.
One of the key features of fascism is nationalism. Nationalism were part of fabric of many 19th century nations. In that respect, the efforts of Napoleon, as an example, was the personification of French nationalism. In terms of that, it can be said that the 19th century was a cause of the fascism in the 20th century.
In earlier times, <20th Century, fascism was more of an intellectual or philosophic discussion rather than a political persuasion. In the early decades of the 20th century, a distinct faction was formed specifically to oppose communism, and they adopted the fascisti symbol - a bundle of sticks bound together to symbolize strength in unity. An old Roman device. This was an avowedly political cause - not just philosophical. They believed actively in totalitarianism - the opposite of that espoused by communism.
Fascism was invented in the late 19th century, but it was founded in France. The idea only arrived in Italy or Spain in the early 20th century and only had strong political influence in the 1920s (in Italy) and the 1930s (in Spain).
Communism is a form of authoritarian government which was used in the 20th century to implement communism, a system of economic relations where the means of production are given to the proletariat and class distinctions are broken-down.
The only substantial change was the fall of communism. That's why Fukuyama wrote about end of history.
Italy is most closely related to fascism, as it was the birthplace of the ideology under Benito Mussolini in the early 20th century. Mussolini's regime emphasized authoritarian nationalism, militarism, and the suppression of political opposition, serving as a model for other fascist movements in Europe. Fascism later found similar expressions in Germany under Adolf Hitler, but its origins and first implementation are distinctly tied to Italy.
Many Italian people found fascism acceptable in the early 20th century due to widespread disillusionment with the post-World War I government, economic instability, and social unrest. Fascism promised national rejuvenation, stability, and a strong, centralized government, appealing to those seeking order and national pride. Additionally, Mussolini's charismatic leadership and propaganda effectively tapped into nationalist sentiments and fears of communism, garnering support among various segments of society.
Fascism played a significant role in shaping political landscapes in the early to mid-20th century, characterized by authoritarianism, nationalism, and the suppression of dissent. It emerged as a reaction against perceived threats of communism and liberal democracy, promoting centralized control and often militaristic expansion. In countries like Italy and Germany, fascist regimes led to aggressive imperialism, social upheaval, and ultimately, the devastation of World War II. The legacy of fascism continues to influence contemporary discussions about nationalism, authoritarianism, and human rights.
Communism saw both groups as alienated from mainstream society and as potential targets to change the US political scene.
20th century
in the 20th century in the 20th century