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Liberalism and realism are two major theories in international relations. Realism emphasizes the anarchic nature of the international system, focusing on power, national interests, and the inevitability of conflict among states. In contrast, liberalism highlights the potential for cooperation, the role of international institutions, and the importance of economic interdependence and democratic governance in fostering peace. While realism tends to be more pessimistic about human nature and state behavior, liberalism offers a more optimistic view of international relations and the possibility of progress.

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