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France was an absolute monarchy before the revolution, as it had been for hundreds of years. It meant that the reigning King had absolute power. That was what the revolutionists wanted to get rid of.

It also meant France had 3 estates: the clergy (1st estate), the nobility (2nd estate) and the bourgeoisie (3rd estate). The first 2 estates had a lot of privileges and did not have to pay taxes, even though they were the richest. The revolutionists wanted more equality in France and the abolition of privileges for the clergy and especially the nobility. They wanted a cabinet of ministers chosen by the people instead of chosen by the King. They also clamored for freedom of speech, religion and press.

But the revolutionists turned radical and extreme, and instead of wanting a constitutional monarchy, they spiraled down into the reign of terror, killing thousands of people, including their King and Queen.

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