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The dominance of two parties in the American political system was primarily solidified after the Civil War, particularly with the establishment of the Republican Party as the primary opposition to the Democratic Party. The political realignments during and after the war created a clear divide between the parties, with Republicans generally supporting Reconstruction and Democrats advocating for states' rights. This two-party system was further reinforced by winner-takes-all electoral mechanics and the need for broad coalitions to win elections, leading to the marginalization of third parties.

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