Communism is a political and economic ideology advocating for a classless society in which all property and means of production are collectively owned, eliminating private ownership. It aims to establish a system where goods and services are distributed according to need, rather than profit. The theory, based on the works of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, envisions a revolutionary transition from capitalism to socialism, ultimately leading to communism. In practice, however, many countries that have attempted to implement communism have faced significant challenges and criticisms.