Vulcanizing
Vulcanisation.
Sulphur, in a process called vulcanization.
vulcanisation - vulcanization: process of treating rubber or rubberlike materials with sulphur at great heat to improve elasticity and strength or to harden them In the early part of the 20th century the word vulcanizing was mostly used in association with patching inter tubes, later glues became more popular and eventually replaced the heat in securing patches on the tube.
Solidify is to liquefy as harden is to soften. Just as solidifying refers to the process of turning a liquid into a solid, hardening describes the process of making something firm or rigid, while softening involves making it less firm or more pliable.
The process in which mineral matter replaces previously formed cartilage is called ossification or calcification. This process involves the deposition of calcium salts and other minerals to harden the cartilage into bone tissue.
Casting
Wood filler hardens through a process called curing, which involves the evaporation of solvents and the chemical reaction of the filler components. Factors that can affect the hardening process include temperature, humidity, thickness of the filler layer, and the type of filler used.
Dried mud does not typically turn into rock. Rock formation usually involves a longer process that includes pressure, heat, and mineralization. Dried mud may harden but is not the same as forming a rock.
To make concrete, you mix cement, water, sand, and gravel in specific proportions. The process involves measuring and combining the ingredients, mixing them thoroughly, and then pouring the mixture into molds to set and harden. Finally, the concrete is cured by keeping it moist to strengthen and solidify.
To harden wire effectively, you can heat it to a high temperature and then cool it quickly, a process known as quenching. This will make the wire stronger and more resistant to bending or deformation.
Commercial surface-relief gratings are produced using an epoxy casting process called replication; in essence, this process involves pouring a liquid into a mold, allowing the liquid to harden, and then removing the hardened material from the mold without damaging either. The replication process yields optically identical copies of the original grating, called the master grating.
This process is known as casting. Iron in particular is often cast to make objects.