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When it first formed in the 1850s, the Republican Party primarily supported the abolition of slavery and the prevention of its expansion into the western territories. It emerged as a coalition of anti-slavery activists, former Whigs, Free Soilers, and abolitionists, advocating for a free labor system and opposing the pro-slavery policies of the Democrats. The party aimed to promote economic development and modernization while upholding the principles of individual liberty and equality.

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