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Non-Muslims actually had very minimal participation in the Umayyad and Abbassid Caliphates. Many former non-Muslims were asked to convert so that they could be part of the government. This was done because the Arabs had no experience in managing a bureaucracy and needed Persians and Byzantines who were skilled in running affairs of state. Jews were also believed to be good financiers and were allowed to join the financial ministries without converting.
The umayyad were overthrown by the Abbasid
The Abbassids allowed the Mawali (Non-Arab Muslims) to actively participate in governance and exempted them from taxation (like other Muslims). These changes from Umayyad policy paved the way for equality between Arab Muslims and Mawali.
The Abbassids allowed the Mawali (Non-Arab Muslims) to actively participate in governance and exempted them from taxation (like other Muslims). These changes from Umayyad policy paved the way for equality between Arab Muslims and Mawali.
The Abbasid dynasty
It was overthrown by the Abbasid
Abbasid Caliphate.
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Some of the lasting accomplishments of the Umayyad and Abbasid empires were religious freedom, lower taxes, and the geographical growth of the caliphate.
The Abbasid Empire significantly influenced the Umayyad government in Córdoba by providing a model of administration, culture, and governance that the Umayyads adapted in their own context. After the Umayyad caliphate was overthrown in the East, the surviving Umayyad members in Spain established an independent emirate, using Abbasid ideas to create a centralized and sophisticated bureaucratic system. This included the promotion of arts, sciences, and trade, fostering a rich cultural environment that mirrored the flourishing Abbasid capital of Baghdad. Ultimately, the Umayyads in Córdoba blended these influences with local customs, leading to a unique and prosperous society in medieval Spain.
The Abbasids moved their capital to Baghdad because they wanted to move it closer to Damascus during the time when Umayyad's capital was Damascus. In which means that the Abbasid empire wants to overthrow the Umayyad empire.
The Abbasid group took power from the Umayyads in 750. They overthrew the Umayyad Caliphate during the Abbasid Revolution, which was characterized by widespread support from various factions, including discontented non-Arab Muslims and Shi'a supporters. The Abbasids established their capital in Baghdad, marking the beginning of a new era in Islamic history known for its cultural and intellectual flourishing.