Compare and contrast the theories of freud jung adler and James?

Answer 1

Jung differed from Freud in that he believed that dreams can reveal other themes besides aggression and sexuality. Jung believed dreams also revealed archetypical material, creativity and a drive toward individualization. Freud and Jung believed that dreams had a meaning; Alder believed that dreams told how a person was living. Dreams reveal material from either the personal unconscious or the collective unconscious, the source of archetypes. Jung's approach to dream interpretation involved amplification, the process of asking the dreamer to focus on various symbols in the dream and provide as many associations as possible about the particular symbol; whereas Freud used free association to have the dreamer create a chain of associations, beginning with the dream symbol. Dream symbols could represent an actual person in the dreamer's life or a part of his or her psyche. Amplification includes exploration of feelings connected to dream images, cultural meanings of dream images, and possible archetypal meanings of the dream images such as the mandala representing the archetype of the self (Van De Castle, 1994). Jung also encouraged the dreamer to use active imagination, reliving the dream and allowing it to continue in conscious imagination.

Answer 2

Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory focuses on the unconscious mind, childhood experiences, and the role of sexuality in human behavior. Carl Jung's analytical psychology emphasizes the collective unconscious, archetypes, and the process of individuation. Alfred Adler's individual psychology emphasizes the importance of social factors, striving for superiority, and the impact of birth order on personality development. William James' theory of pragmatism focuses on the practical consequences of beliefs, the mind-body connection, and the importance of individual differences in shaping behavior.