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What ancient surgery was performed to release spirits from the skull?

Trepanation was the ancient surgery performed to drill or scrape a hole in the skull in order to release evil spirits, relieve pressure, or treat head injuries. This practice dates back thousands of years and has been found in various cultures around the world.


Examples of classical and operant conditioning?

Positive reinforcement: A child receives a 'golden star' at school for behaving well.Negative reinforcement: A child does his or her homework to stop her parents from nagging.Punishment: Grounding a child for behaving inappropriately.


Did the monkey banana and water spray experiment ever take place?

The Monkey Banana and Water Spray Experiment The experiment is not real. A vaguely similar experiment by Stephenson (1966) is often quoted as if it supports the story, but it does not. The results of that real experiment do not in any way support the "herd mentality" moral of the story; in some cases, they actively contradicts it. This is how it is commonly told: "The Experiment- Part 1 5 monkeys are locked in a cage, a banana was hung from the ceiling and a ladder was placed right underneath it. As predicted, immediately, one of the monkeys would race towards the ladder, to grab the banana. However, as soon as he would start to climb, the researcher would spray the monkey with ice-cold water. but here's the kicker- In addition, he would also spray the other four monkeys. When a second monkey tried to climb the ladder, the researcher would, again, spray the monkey with ice-cold water, As well as the other four watching monkeys; This was repeated again and again until they learned their lesson Climbing equals scary cold water for EVERYONE so No One Climbs the ladder. The Experiment- Part 2 Once the 5 monkeys knew the drill, the researcher replaced one of the monkeys with a new inexperienced one. As predicted, the new monkey spots the banana, and goes for the ladder. BUT, the other four monkeys, knowing the drill, jumped on the new monkey and beat him up. The beat up new guy thus Learns- NO going for the ladder and No Banana Period- without even knowing why! and also without ever being sprayed with water! These actions get repeated with 3 more times, with a new monkey each time and ASTONISHINGLY each new monkey- who had never received the cold-water Spray himself (and didn't even know anything about it), would Join the beating up of the New guy. This is a classic example of Mob Mentality- bystanders and outsiders uninvolved with the fight- join in 'just because'. When the researcher replaced a third monkey, the same thing happened; likewise for the fourth until, eventually, all the monkeys had been replaced and none of the original ones are left in the cage (that had been sprayed by water). The Experiment- Part 3 Again, a new monkey was introduced into the cage. It ran toward the ladder only to get beaten up by the others. The monkey turns with a curious face asking "why do you beat me up when I try to get the banana?" The other four monkeys stopped and looked at each other puzzled (None of them had been sprayed and so they really had no clue why the new guy can't get the banana) but it didn't matter, it was too late, the rules had been set. And So, although they didn't know WHY, they beat up the monkey just because " that's the way we do things around here" There is no evidence that that this experiment ever took place. An experiment was done in 1966 that involved pairs of monkeys but the results are irrelevant to the above story. Some of the results actually contradict the story: in some pairs, the new monkey behaved so fearlessly around the object that the first monkey learned to lose their fear of it altogether. Sources: Stephenson, G. R. (1967). Cultural acquisition of a specific learned response among rhesus monkeys. In: Starek, D., Schneider, R., and Kuhn, H. J. (eds.), Progress in Primatology, Stuttgart: Fischer, pp. 279-288. Mentioned in: Galef, B. G., Jr. (1976). Social Transmission of Acquired Behavior: A Discussion of Tradition and Social Learning in Vertebrates. In: Rosenblatt, J.S., Hinde, R.A., Shaw, E. and Beer, C. (eds.), Advances in the study of behavior, Vol. 6, New York: Academic Press, pp. 87-88:


Related Questions

How do you find your former drill sergeant?

Almost impossible! I am a former drill sergeant looking for my cadre buddies when stationed at Fort Dix, NJ in 1968-69. Still no luck


When did Drill Sergeant Mindstrong happen?

Drill Sergeant Mindstrong happened in 2009.


Is drill sergeant a proper noun?

No, drill sergeant is a common noun unless it names a specific person, for example Drill Sergeant Cooper, Sir!


When was Drill Sergeant Mindstrong created?

Drill Sergeant Mindstrong was created on 2009-04-14.


Who is better drill sergeant or whirlwind?

Drill Sergent


Does a drill sergeant have to be a sergeant?

Military Training Instructors (MTI), the AF versions of the drill sergeant can obtain this position as an E-4, Senior Airman.


Can you wear the drill sergeant badge on the left side of ACUs?

Yes, the drill sergeant badge is worn on the left side of the Army Combat Uniform (ACU). It is displayed centered above the nameplate and is authorized for wear by soldiers who have successfully completed the Drill Sergeant Course and are serving in a drill sergeant capacity. Proper placement is important to maintain uniformity and adherence to Army regulations.


How is the person called that teches the army?

Drill sergeant


What does a drill sargent do?

A drill sergeant teaches soldier recruits how to march and behave in military training.


How old is R. Lee Ermey?

Former Marine drill sergeant and actor Ronald Lee Ermey was 74 years old when he died on April 15, 2018 (birthdate: March 24, 1944).


Why did the dentist join the army?

He thought he could be a good drill sergeant


What is drill sergeant's web card code on skylanders?

3r45t-y7hk2