What effects will damage do to particular structures of the brain?

Answer 1

It completely depends on what structures they are, how much damage, and somewhat on what individual it is. Sometimes the brain can make up for damage by shifting things... for instance that are traditionally on the left side of the brain over to the right, or whatever... storing things in a different place. Other times, and with more extensive damage, some things are permanently lost. Brain damage is extremely dangerous, and often puts people into permanent coma or a vegetative state, depending on the severity. Here is some more information on brain damage: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain_damage These are some interesting misconceptions about the brain (for instance that we only use 10% of our brains... :)
This is not true, and probably why we can't wipe out 90% and be okay:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_brain#Popular_misconceptions

Answer 2

Damage to particular structures of the brain can result in a range of effects, such as impairments in cognitive functions (e.g., memory, attention), motor skills (e.g., coordination, balance), and emotional regulation (e.g., mood, behavior). The effects largely depend on the specific location and severity of the damage. Rehabilitation and therapy can help mitigate some of these effects and improve overall functioning.