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Correlation
If you mean what is a descriptive correlational design, it is a design which uses some form of correlation to describe the data, but does not seek to find whether it is a statistically significant relationship. e.g. I run a small pilot study with 10 people and record their age and whether they like tattoos (scaled from 1= no to 7 a lot), I get a negative correlation of 0.4. I use this descriptively to decide there is something to investigate, and then use an infernetial correlation with a better sized / more representative sample to see if there is a significant relationship between the two variables. D
For numerical date: Calculation of the product moment correlation coefficient (PMCC). Regression analysis goes beyond what is required by the question. For ordinal data: The Spearman's Rank coefficient.
Interval data is data divided into rangers, where the distance between intervals is the important data being looked at. In experiments this is used to help show if data's closely collected around an expected area or not.
Steps of scientific investigation:1. Formulate hypothesis with clearly defined variables. Once you define your hypothesis you have to decide how to design your study. What behavior are you measuring and how will you measure it. Need to define VARIABLES ( something that varies or changes and can be measured and manipulated.OPERATIONAL DEFINITION OF VARIABLES: This is a definition given to a variable that allows it to be quantified so that it can be measured. The operational definition also allows other researchers to know what is being measured and should allow them to replicate your study.2. Select research method and design a study. There are three basic research methods employed by psychologists.a) Experimental Research Design: Involves the manipulation and measurement of variablesb) Correlational Research Design: Examines the relationship between variables ( environmental, physical, social) to explain observed behaviors.c) Descriptive Research Design: Sometimes referred to as observational research, it involves describing behavior as it occurs in naturalistic setting. There is no manipulation of variables. Observational research also includes case studies which investigate individual subjects in an attempt to establish a relationship between past events and present behavior.3. Data collection. Maybe through questionnaires, direct observation, interviews, psychological tests, physiological recordings or examination of archival data.4. Analyze data. Use statistical analysis to draw conclusions which support or refute hypothesis.5. Report and/or publish findings. Reporting of findings allows information to be shared and critiqued. Usually scientific research is published in a scientific journal relevant to the area of research. JOURNALS are periodicals that publish technical and scholarly material, usually in a narrowly defined area of study.The two main advantages of the scientific approach are:a) Clarity and precision. Clearly defined objectives and measuresb) Intolerance of errors. Peers will be very critical. Data must objective and documentation thorough. Also experiment should be reproducible. In other words other scientists should be able to test the same hypothesis in the same way and come up with the same findings.
graph is a quick picture of relationship between two variables
A scatter plot.
so you know the relationship between the 2 variables
Correlation * * * * * That is simply not true. Consider the coordinates of a circle. There is obviously a very strong relationship between the x coordinate and the y coordinate. But the correlation is not just small, but 0. The correlation between two variables is a measure of the linear relationship between them. But there can be non-linear relationships which will not necessarily be reflected by any correlation.
Some people will give the answer "correlation". But that is not correct for the following reason: Consider the coordinates of a circle. There is obviously a very strong relationship between the x coordinate and the y coordinate. The correlation between the two is not just small, but 0. The correlation between two variables is a measure of the linear relationship between them. But there can be non-linear relationships which will not necessarily be reflected by any correlation.
Qualitative Data
The explanation of data is called a theory.
Line Graph
Line graph
It suggests that there is very little evidence of a linear relationship between the variables.
if it passes through (0,0) then it is a direct variation
Economic forecasting models predominantly use time-series data, where the values of the variables change over time.