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Anxiety refers to feelings of worry or unease, often irrational and excessive, while arousal refers to a state of heightened alertness or readiness. Anxiety is typically perceived as negative and can impair functioning, while arousal can be positive and help to improve performance in certain situations. Both can involve physical symptoms such as increased heart rate and sweating, but anxiety is characterized by negative thoughts and emotional distress, whereas arousal is typically associated with excitement and anticipation.
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How can anxiety and arousal be measured?
Anxiety can be measured using self-report questionnaires like the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) or by physiological measures like heart rate or skin conductance. Arousal can be measured using similar physiological measures such as heart rate variability or by self-report scales like the Arousal Subscale of the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire.
How does arousal relate to emotion?
Arousal refers to the level of physiological activation in response to a stimulus, which can influence the intensity of emotions experienced. High arousal can sometimes lead to heightened emotional responses, while lower arousal may result in more subdued emotional reactions. The relationship between arousal and emotion is complex and can vary depending on individual differences and situational contexts.
What is the difference between Cognitive and Somatic anxiety?
Cognitive anxiety is basically the psychological (mental) side of anxiety, it acts on the brain, and has symptoms such as; poor concentration, confusion, negative images and fear, whereas Somatic anxiety is the physical side of it, and acts upon the body, with symptoms such as; 'butterflies' in the stomach, tense muscles, sweating and nausea. Cognitive state anxiety is moment-to-moment changes in worry and negative thoughts, and Somatic state anxiety is moment-to-moment changes in perceived physiological arousal (arousal being a negative blend of physiological and psychological emotions).
What are the similarities and differences of drive theories and arousal theories?
Drive theories and arousal theories both explain behavior in terms of internal states. Drive theory posits that motivation arises from the need to reduce internal tension or satisfy biological needs, while arousal theory suggests that individuals are motivated to maintain an optimal level of arousal. The key difference is that drive theory focuses on reducing tension, while arousal theory emphasizes the desire to seek out stimulation to maintain an optimal level of arousal.
Why are psychologists so interested in the ability to measure arousal in humans?
Psychologists are interested in measuring arousal in humans because it provides insights into emotional states, stress levels, and cognitive processing. Understanding arousal allows psychologists to assess responses to stimuli, track changes over time, and develop interventions to manage arousal-related issues like anxiety and attention difficulties.
What is the difference between somatic anxiety and physiological arousal?
Somatic anxiety refers to the 'perception' of phsyiological arousal, i.e. do you view butterflies in your stomach and increased heart rate when playing sport as positive or negative? Phsyiological arousal does not include 'perception/interpretation' of the feelings. it is purely the butterflies in stomach, sweaty palms, or increased HR.
How does arousal and anxiety affect sports performance?
Badly
What are the long term effects of Arousal and Anxiety in Sports Performance?
Yes,
How can anxiety and arousal be measured?
Anxiety can be measured using self-report questionnaires like the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) or by physiological measures like heart rate or skin conductance. Arousal can be measured using similar physiological measures such as heart rate variability or by self-report scales like the Arousal Subscale of the Dundee Stress State Questionnaire.
What is the difference between arousal and anxiety in sport?
Arousal is general physical and psychological activity. Anxiety is a negative emotional state with feelings of worry, nervousness and apprehension that is associated with the activation of the body.
How much arousal in an athlete can lead to?
Optimal arousal in an athlete can enhance performance by increasing focus, energy, and motivation. However, too much arousal can lead to anxiety, decreased concentration, and impaired decision-making. The key is finding the right balance, often described by the Yerkes-Dodson Law, where moderate arousal levels typically yield the best performance outcomes. Each athlete may have a different optimal arousal level depending on the sport and individual differences.
How does arousal relate to emotion?
Arousal refers to the level of physiological activation in response to a stimulus, which can influence the intensity of emotions experienced. High arousal can sometimes lead to heightened emotional responses, while lower arousal may result in more subdued emotional reactions. The relationship between arousal and emotion is complex and can vary depending on individual differences and situational contexts.
What is Donald Hebb's theory of optimal level of arousal?
Medium arousal is optimal for performance. Too much or too little arousal hampers performance.Optimal Levels: For easy tasks- at the higher end; For harder tasks- at the lower end (since too much arousal causes anxiety)
What is the difference between Cognitive and Somatic anxiety?
Cognitive anxiety is basically the psychological (mental) side of anxiety, it acts on the brain, and has symptoms such as; poor concentration, confusion, negative images and fear, whereas Somatic anxiety is the physical side of it, and acts upon the body, with symptoms such as; 'butterflies' in the stomach, tense muscles, sweating and nausea. Cognitive state anxiety is moment-to-moment changes in worry and negative thoughts, and Somatic state anxiety is moment-to-moment changes in perceived physiological arousal (arousal being a negative blend of physiological and psychological emotions).
Are stress and anxiety the same thing?
Stress and anxiety are often used interchangeably but there are differences between the two. Stress is a response to an event that causes physiological stress in the body, while anxiety is a response to an event that causes psychological stress.
How does arousal affect concentration?
Arousal can either enhance or hinder concentration, depending on the individual and the situation. In some cases, moderate arousal can improve focus and alertness, leading to better concentration. However, high levels of arousal, such as stress or anxiety, can overwhelm the brain's capacity to concentrate, resulting in decreased focus and performance.
What are the three variables involved in Fazey and Hardy's basic catastrophe model?
Cognitive Anxiety Physiological arousal performance
