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Defense mechanisms are unconscious strategies used by the ego to manage internal conflicts and reduce anxiety. According to the psychodynamic perspective, defense mechanisms protect the individual from experiencing distressing thoughts or feelings by distorting reality or shifting unacceptable impulses from the conscious mind to the unconscious. In this way, defense mechanisms help the individual maintain psychological equilibrium and cope with inner conflicts.

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Q: What is the purpose of a defense mechanism from the psychodynamic perspective?
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The early psychological approach of Functionalism contributed to the development of the modern perspective of Evolutionary Psychology. Both perspectives focus on understanding how mental processes and behaviors have evolved to adapt and serve a purpose in facilitating survival and reproduction.


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Freud believed that defense mechanisms serve a purpose in protecting individuals from anxiety and distress by distorting reality. However, he also recognized that the overuse or reliance on these mechanisms could lead to maladaptive coping strategies and hinder psychological growth. Ultimately, Freud viewed defense mechanisms as a necessary part of the psyche that must be understood and managed effectively.

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