They can be, but not necessarily every time.
No... but close... Let me explain what discs are, and what they do... Looking down on the involved levels, the top is toward your abdomen (NOON) and the back is toward the back (6 O'clock). I'll describe what happens, referring to times on the clock. The disk consists of two parts… the outer ring (annulus) and a very thick gel (nucleus pulposis) in the center. Over the years the discs gradually wear & become weak and begin to bulge outward (like squashing a marshmallow). If the outer ring tears then the thick gel center extrudes, it is then called a herniation. If the herniation occurs at 5 o'clock or 7 o'clock, the herniation can pinch (trap) a nerve as it is preparing to leave the spinal cord and travel down the body, resulting in severe burning pain and possibly muscle cramps if the nerve travels to the spasming muscle. If the herniation occurs at the NOON, 3 o'clock, or 9 o'clock position, since no nerves are close by, there is no pain (actually, there can be pain, but it is not from nerves being pinched... there are pain fibers in the annulus of the disk). If the herniation occurs at the 6 o'clock position no nerves will be trapped or pinched because there is a lot of space (relatively speaking) in the spinal canal where the spinal cord travels. So a disc 'bulge' is just where the disk is squashed out a little toward the left. You can have some pain from that, but no spinal nerve involvement. Copy & paste the following into your browser to see images of what I'm talking about: http://www.espalda.org/english/divulgativa/dolor/causas/alteraciones/fisura.asp
Herniation through the cranium is called "brain herniation." This occurs when brain tissue shifts from its normal position due to increased intracranial pressure, often as a result of trauma, tumors, or swelling. The most common types of brain herniation include uncal herniation, tonsillar herniation, and central herniation. Each type can lead to severe neurological deficits and is considered a medical emergency.
A posterolateral bulge refers to a protrusion or herniation of intervertebral disc material toward the back and side of the spine. This condition can occur due to degenerative changes or injury, leading to compression of nearby nerves or the spinal cord. Symptoms may include localized pain, radiating discomfort, and neurological issues depending on the severity and location of the bulge. Treatment often involves physical therapy, pain management, and in some cases, surgery.
Iridocele is herniation of the iris.
A bulge is a protrusion or swelling that extends outward from a surface, often implying an irregular or abnormal shape. It can refer to various contexts, including physical objects, biological structures, or even abstract concepts. In medical terms, a bulge may describe a part of the body that is swollen or has a herniation. Overall, it indicates a noticeable deviation from a flat or even surface.
Looking down on the involved levels (L5-S1), the top is toward your abdomen (NOON) and the back is toward the back (6 O'clock). I'll describe what happens, referring to times on the clock. Over the years these disks begin to wear out and flatten or possibly bulge out (like squashing a marshmallow). If it is severe enough it is called a 'herniation'. If the herniation occurs at 5 o'clock or 7 o'clock, the herniation can pinch (trap) a nerve as it is preparing to leave the spinal cord and travel down the body, resulting in a severe burning pain and possibly muscle cramps if the nerve travels to the spasming muscle. If the herniation occurs at the NOON, 3 o'clock, or 9 o'clock position, since no nerves are close by, there is no pain (actually, there can be pain, but it is not from nerves being pinched... there are pain fibers in the disk). If the herniation occurs at the 6 o'clock position no nerves will be trapped or pinched because there is a lot of space in the spinal canal where the spinal cord travels. So a disc 'bulge' is just where the disk is squashed out a little toward the left. You can have some pain from that, but no spinal nerve involvement. Oh... the foramen is where area where the spinal nerve runs as it exits the spinal canal..
Looking down on the involved levels (L5-S1), the top is toward your abdomen (NOON) and the back is toward the back (6 O'clock). I'll describe what happens, referring to times on the clock. Over the years these disks begin to wear out and flatten or possibly bulge out (like squashing a marshmallow). If it is severe enough it is called a 'herniation'. If the herniation occurs at 5 o'clock or 7 o'clock, the herniation can pinch (trap) a nerve as it is preparing to leave the spinal cord and travel down the body, resulting in a severe burning pain and possibly muscle cramps if the nerve travels to the spasming muscle. If the herniation occurs at the NOON, 3 o'clock, or 9 o'clock position, since no nerves are close by, there is no pain (actually, there can be pain, but it is not from nerves being pinched... there are pain fibers in the disk). If the herniation occurs at the 6 o'clock position no nerves will be trapped or pinched because there is a lot of space in the spinal canal where the spinal cord travels. So a disc 'bulge' is just where the disk is squashed out a little toward the left. You can have some pain from that, but no spinal nerve involvement. Oh... the foramen is where area where the spinal nerve runs as it exits the spinal canal..
A broad herniation means that at least 25% of the disc is affected. A central herniation means that the herniation is toward the spinal column. A broad central herniation of the disc with impingement on the thecal sac is a herniation in which a large portion of the disc is protruding toward the spinal column and is pressing against the membrane which surrounds the spinal cord.
A T1-T2 disc herniation is a herniation that happens in the middle or lower back. This will cause extreme pain and possible numbness in the limbs.
Cyst means bladder or sac, rect means rectum, and cele means hernia or protrusion. A cystocele is herniation of the bladder, and rectocele is herniation of the rectum. Put together, cystorectocele is herniation of the urinary bladder and rectum (usually referring to herniation into the vagina.)
ballsack
-cele is the medical terminology combining form meaning herniation.