Sometimes it is not easy to judge when one should cite the source of one's information. Three general rules are:
1. Whenever you quote or paraphrase a source, provide a note.
2. You do not need to provide a note for information that is generally known or that can be found in many different sources. Thus, for example, you do not need to give a note when you give the dates of Abraham Lincoln's birth and death. Those dates may not have been known to you before you started your research, but by the time you write you will know that this sort of information can be found in many sources. On the other hand, if there is a particular fact (eg, a newly discovered document) or a special interpretation about Lincoln (shared by one or a few scholars, but not all), you do need to cite the source.
3. If you cite statistics or other pieces of information that come from a particular source, cite that source. Thus, for example, if you found a document in the Cattaraugus County archives that gives an estimate of the population of the county for the year 1860, cite the source. On the other hand, there is no need to cite a source for the number of electoral college votes that John F. Kennedy received in 1960; that information is available in many sources and thus does not require a note.
It is not possible to say how many notes a particular paper will contain. That will depend on the topic and the way in which the student handles it. Students in doubt about whether they are providing too few or too many notes should consult with the professor during the course of the semester.
Yes, Chicago style does use footnotes in academic writing to provide citations and additional information.
Yes, it is recommended to include a bibliography even if you use footnotes in your research paper. The bibliography provides a comprehensive list of all the sources you consulted, while footnotes are used for specific citations or additional information within the text.
With Footnotes was created in 1974.
Idem is a Latin term meaning "the same." It is used in footnotes to refer to the same source that was cited in the previous footnote, without repeating all the details of the citation. This helps to make footnotes more concise and easier to follow.
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"Ibid" is used in footnotes to refer to the same source as the previous footnote. It is placed after the author's name or title in subsequent footnotes to indicate that the source is the same as the one cited directly before it.
Princeton Footnotes was created in 1959.
Usually nothing, footnotes are to end the page and are notes that are explanatory to the text. After footnotes in your document, you can have footer, if you wish.
This is true.
Footnotes and endnotes are references in a piece of academic writing. The Washington Monument is a building. Buildings do not have footnotes or endnotes.
"Ibid" should be used in footnotes when citing the same source immediately after the previous citation, to indicate that the source is the same as the one referenced in the preceding footnote.
Yes, you can use both footnotes and in-text citations in a paper. In-text citations are typically used to refer to a source in the body of the text, while footnotes provide additional information or clarification at the bottom of the page. It's important to follow a consistent citation style guide when using both types of citations in your writing.