No, civilly married couples who are not married in the Catholic Church are generally not allowed to receive communion in the Catholic Church.
No, he/she would need to have the marriage validated by the church first
This is a difficult question to dissect. I think what you mean is that a Catholic gets married to a Non-Catholic in a Civil Ceremony and then sometime later wants to receive Communion. Any Catholic can receive Communion and should, as long as they are not aware of any mortal sin. In this situation, Catholics must be married in the Catholic Church or receive a dispensation to be married elsewhere. If this is not done, it is a grave offense (mortal sin) and a confession is required before going to Communion again.
Yes, it is possible and it is not proper to use the word "Get". It is "Receive" Communion.
Couples can get married in any Catholic church where they are registered members or where they have received permission from the local bishop.
They shouldn't.
Yes. In places where same-sex marriage has been legalized, same-sex couples can be married by the same officiants as any other couple being married. Many same-sex couples choose to be married civilly, by a judge or justice of the peace, rather than by clergymembers.
You need to be baptized Catholic, and have made your first Holy Communion, you need to be in a state of grace, otherwise, you need to go to confession before receiving Holy Communion. You must be fasting for one hour prior to receiving Holy Communion. If divorced, you need to get an annulment before attempting marriage again. If married, you need to be married before a Catholic priest, or dispensed from such by your Bishop.
as long as you are single or are married by the catholic church and you have all of your sacraments done ( first Communion, conformation,)
No, the person or couple needs to regularize their marriage in the Catholic Church. The Church does not recognize a civil marriage. Talk with the parish priest.
On Easter Sunday 2013, Cardinal Wuerl told Fox News that he believes married gay couples should be treated the same as remarried divorced heterosexuals. He said they should come to mass, but not receive communion.
For a Catholic to be in good standing, and to be able to receive Holy Communion, then they must not be in an irregular situation such as you describe, an objective state of sin. For the Catholic to be in a state of grace, and thus to be able to receive Holy Communion, he or she would have to fix the irregularity in his life either by obtaining an annulment and validly married the individual or by separating from them. It might be possible to receive Holy Communion and get back in a state of grace by just practicing continence, until such time as they could be validly married, but this would be an individual decision of the person's confessor. For a more thorough answer for a similar scenario, read this, written by Father Shane Johnson, a New York priest: (see link below)
Roman Catholic AnswerThe only people who may receive Holy Communion in a Catholic Church are Catholics in good standing, who have been to confession at least once in the last year and have no mortal sin on their souls; they must have made their first Holy Communion and be fasting for one hour. A protestant, regardless of their marital status would never be eligible to receive Holy Communion until they had converted.