Sure, but they have to leave their positions.
Monks and nuns do the monks' and nuns' jobs now.
You just call Monks Monks and Nuns Nuns. They don't have any other names.
nuns
Tibetan monks do not marry. Tibetans lamas (priests) fall under 2 categories, monks (celibate) and yogis (not necessarily celibate). The vast majority of Gelugpa Lamas are monks who are celibate.
Monks - monastery. Nuns - convent.
Yes, there are Buddhist nuns as well as monks. They're known as Bhikkhuni.
Monks and nuns spread Byzantine influence through their missionary work.
No
monasteries- the dwelling place of a community of monks
Yes
I am afraid that this question makes no sense. There is no upgrading of men or women in Buddhism. Men and women are to be treated as equals. The only differentiation in Buddhism is between Lay people and Monks/Nuns. Lay people can marry, hold jobs, raise a family. Monks and Nuns dedicate their lives to reaching enlightenment and to aiding others. Therefore they do not marry or hold jobs.
The ordination of monks and nuns and the bi-weekly recitation of the rules for monks and nuns. Some schools of Buddhism have additional rituals.