The Book of Daniel opens by telling us that Nebuchadnezzar, king of Babylon, conquered Jerusalem in the third year of the reign of Jehoiakim, or 587 BCE, and ordered his eunuchs to take Jewish children who were without blemish, skilful in wisdom and knowledgeable, to be taught the Chaldean language. At this time, the book indicates that Daniel was about twelve years old. He lived on as a high official after the Persian conquest of Babylon, which occurred in 539 BCE.
Nehemiah became governor of Judah in 445 BCE, some 94 years after the Persian conquest of Babylon. He therefore would have lived long after Daniel. However the history is a little more surprising than that the two people lived at different times. Most biblical scholars now recognise that the Book of Daniel was a Jewish novel compiled shortly after 167 BCE. There was a historical Nehemiah, but there was no historical Daniel.
In the Christian Old Testament Bible Daniel is followed book of Hosea and the other minor prophets through Malachi. In the Hebrew Bible commonly has Ezra-Nehemiah as a single book following Daniel. Christian Bibles include Ezra and Nehemiah as two separate books.
According to Jewish tradition, Daniel and Nehemiah lived at the same time, around 2375 years ago. See also:Jewish history timeline
If Esther were in fact mentioned in the Book of Nehemiah, this could be supposed to prove her historicity, in spite of serious historical errors in the Book of Esther. However, the Book of Nehemiah never mentions Esther.
Daniel is mentioned in Ezekiel, the book of Daniel and the gospels of Matthew and Luke. The name Daniel is also in 1 Chronicles, Ezra and Nehemiah but they are not the same Daniel as in the book of Daniel
Nehemiah.
To Christians in the Old Testament it would be Ezra. Though, in Judaism the book is called 'Ezra - Nehemiah', the book before it is Daniel.Ezra
Joshua Judges Samuel Kings Daniel Ezra Nehemiah Chronicles
There are references to Darius in the Old Testament books of Ezra, Nehemiah, Daniel, Haggai, and Zechariah.
Daniel probably died shortly after Darius took the throne in 521 BC (he would have already been well over 90 years old at this point). The book of Nehemiah begins in 444 BC, so they probably missed each other by at least 50 years. Esther was a teenager in 482 BC, so Daniel had likely been dead for about 25 years at this point. Esther would have been in her early to mid 60's when the book of Nehemiah began, although her husband, King Xerxes was assassinated 20 years earlier (he was probably bout 20-25 years older than her (do the math a 37 year old king marrying a 14 year old or so, Esther...yuck...that's not what they showed in the movie). Anyway, there's no record of whether Esther was assassinated with her husband (which was likely), or if she was assumed in to the next King's harem (also possible...although a Persian King would have probably not been interested in a 35 year old, non-virgin wife. We just don't know. So, we know that Daniel was dead long before Esther was born and I'm going to guess that Esther probably died with her husband in 464 BC. Since Nehemiah was a leading figure in Jerusalem by 432 BC, I'm going to guess that he was born before 464 BC, so yes they probably lived at the same time. Nehemiah probably knew of Queen Esther before she died (I'm guessing she died in 464 BC) and maybe even met her a few times when He was a young boy. That being said, Esther probably didn't live to see the events of the book of Nehemiah, unless she survived the assassination, in which case she and Nehemiah may have known each other personally. I'm also guessing that Nehemiah was probably not around when the events of Esther took place or at the very least was too young to remember them clearly.
The walls of Jerusalem had been broken down for approximately 141 years before Nehemiah began the rebuilding efforts around 445 BC. The destruction occurred in 586 BC when the Babylonians conquered the city. Nehemiah's mission to restore the walls was motivated by the dire state of Jerusalem, as reported by his brother in the book of Nehemiah.
Nehemiah 1:1 "The words of Nehemiah the son of Hachaliah..."
Nehemiah wrote the Old Testament book of Nehemiah.