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The philosopher, Immanuel Kant attempted to show how philosophy could prove the existence of God. Kant rejected the ontological, teleological and cosmological arguments for the existence of God but held that God's existence is a necessary presupposition of there being any moral judgments that are objective, that go beyond mere relativistic moral preferences; such judgments require standards external to any human mind-that is, they presume God's mind.

This is a powerful point of view, but assumes that humans are incapable of morality unless God exists. If we reverse that argument, we find that Kant, having rejected the ontological, teleological and cosmological arguments, leaves us no good reason to believe in the existence of God.

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