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The principal sources responsible for the Books of Genesis and Exodus are now known as the Yahwist ('J Source'), Elohist ('E Source') and the Priestly Source ('P Source'). Each depicted God differently according to the culture he represented.

For example, the Yahwist represented the traditions of the southern kingdom of Judah and depicted his God as anthropomorphic with human characteristics, a God who made promises and covenants with his chosen people. The Elohist represented the traditions of the northern kingdom of Israel and depicted his God as more transcendent, a God who required obedience and was feared by his people. People could never look at the Elohist's God, so he typically came in dreams or visions, but sometimes in the form of a cloud or a flame. These sources wrote during the very early years of the Hebrew peoples, during the eighth and ninth centuries BCE, while the Priestly Source came much later, during the Babylonian Exile, and represented the needs of the dominant priestly class. The Priestly Source depicted a remote and unmerciful God. The Priestly Source drew on the earlier works of J and E, changing details to suit the priestly point of view.

The two books were so cleverly redacted by the 'Redactor' that it was possible to leave the traditions of each source intact, without most readers realising that the books contained inconsistencies and doublets.

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