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During the Second World War, linear bands of positive and negative magnetic anomolies were found in the ocean floor, stretching for hundreds of miles, with an almost perfect symmetry either side of mid-ocean ridges.

It was realised that these anomalies were evidence of periodic reversals of the earth's magnetic field. Molten basalt had been magnetised in the direction of the field and then cooled to 'fossilise' that direction. Each time the earth's magnetic field reversed, a stripe was added in the opposite direction.

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