Jewish traditions were handed down and taught by the Torah-sages in the yeshivas, just as had been done prior to that time.
The same way that they had survived until that time: through the continued handing down of Jewish traditions (the Torah) among the sages and their disciples, and the Jewish communities in general. Specifically, the year 132 CE was about the time that Rabbi Akiva died. His greatest disciples (Rabbi Meir, Rabbi Yehuda, Rabbi Yossi, Rabbi Shimon bar Yochai and Rabbi Nehemiah) each headed a yeshiva (Torah-academy) of his own, and (as well as teaching) they strived to lead the Jewish communities through the hard times (132 CE was around the time of the Roman destruction of the city of Beitar).
The first Jewish Diaspora was the forcible exile to Babylon in 586 BCE. However, the famous second Jewish Diaspora happened under the Romans from 70 CE to 132 CE. Jewish Zealots had fought the Romans on these two occasions and the Romans had enough of it. The Romans realized that the Jews had a fundamental connection to the land, so separating them from it and from each other would make them more docile. As a result, the Romans evicted the majority of Jews from the province of Syria-Palaestina.
Rashi a Jewish sage died
The First Jewish Revolt (66-73 CE) was a significant uprising against Roman rule in Judea, sparked by religious tensions, heavy taxation, and cultural oppression. It culminated in the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE. The Second Jewish Revolt, also known as the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132-136 CE), was led by Simon Bar Kokhba and aimed to establish an independent Jewish state. This revolt was ultimately crushed by the Romans, leading to severe consequences for the Jewish population and the further dispersion of Jews from Judea.
The Romans responded to Jewish rebellions, particularly the Great Jewish Revolt (66-73 CE) and the Bar Kokhba Revolt (132-135 CE), with brutal military force and devastating reprisals. They employed siege tactics, leading to the destruction of Jerusalem and the Second Temple in 70 CE. Following the Bar Kokhba Revolt, the Romans implemented harsh measures, including the expulsion of Jews from Jerusalem and the renaming of the region to Judea as a means of suppressing Jewish identity and resistance. These responses aimed to reassert Roman authority and prevent further uprisings.
There have always been Jews in Palestine. They were not the majority between the years 132 CE and 1949 CE.
The Romans drove the Israelites out of their homeland primarily during the First Jewish-Roman War, which culminated in the destruction of the Second Temple in Jerusalem in 70 CE. Following this, the Bar Kokhba Revolt from 132 to 135 CE led to further suppression and displacement of the Jewish population. By this time, many Jews were expelled or fled from their territories, marking significant diasporic movements.
Rashi a Jewish sage died
The Talmud
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After the Romans sacked Jerusalem in 70 CE. they are reported to have sold many women and children into slavery. Again, after the Jewish revolt of 132-135, the Romans sold many defeated Jews as slaves.
Two significant places where Jewish revolts occurred are Jerusalem and Masada. The most notable revolt was the First Jewish-Roman War (66-73 CE), which included the siege of Jerusalem and ultimately led to the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE. Another key site is Masada, where Jewish defenders held out against Roman forces until their eventual defeat in 73 CE, symbolizing resistance and the struggle for Jewish autonomy.