How did the Muslim caliphates affect early North African civilization?

Was Alexander Pope a Roman Catholic? What is the difference between Jewish and dutch? In the bible the son calls the Father my God so where does the son also call the holy ghost my God and where does the Father call either the son or the holy ghost my God? Which book of the bible contains the parable of the good samaritan? What was the first revelation? What is the important meaning in the story 'Jonah and the Whale'? How else can you worship God besides in a church? How did Adam and Eve's two sons, Cain and Abel, contribute to the population of the world? What do you call someone who studies religions? Did William the Conquerer bring Catholicism to England? Was there an eclipse when Jesus died? Is Osama bin Laden a good person? How did Odysseus use his metis in confrontation with the cyclops? Who was Hyacinth Bobo? Why did Erasmus enter a monastery? Which two New Testment writers were the brothers of Jesus? Why did Jesus in Matthew 10 v 5-6 contradicted himself in Mark 16 v 15? Is there a way to become unconfirmed in Christianity? Why morality only for person? Did Phoenicians develop The Bible?