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The Abbassid Caliphate does not represent a shift in the method of Islamic Leadership. The shift occurred between the last Rightly-Guided Caliph, 'Ali, and the first Umayyad Caliph, Mu'awiya. The position of Caliph shifted from being the person most devoted to the religion to a hereditary role, palaces and traditional trappings of imperial life took hold, and the Caliphate was firmly divided into wilayat (provinces) under the control of the wali'in (governors).

The only major change in policy that occurred under the Abbassids was that Mawali (Non-Arab Muslims) were now equal to Arab Muslims in terms of rights and privileges.

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