You have asked a wide-ranging question with many hundreds of details in its answer. I'll provide a few examples.
1) The Jews' monotheistic religious tradition shaped the Western beliefs about God.
2) The 7-day week, including a day of rest for everyone.
3) The concept of morality was also the work of the Hebrews, including the dignity and value of a person. Under Israelite law, everyone had recourse to the courts. A child, widow, wife, etc., could initiate legal action against any citizen to redress perpetrated harm. Compare this to those societies in which only mature, land-owning males had rights.
Also:
4) Parents are responsible for teaching children. Illiteracy among Israelites, in every generation, was rare.
5) Infants are to be protected and cared for, whether or not they turned out to be the gender you were hoping for.
6) Cruelty to animals is not acceptable.
7) Government is accountable to a higher authority. In other ancient societies, the monarch was all-powerful. Among the Israelites, however, the king was under the constant scrutiny of the Divinely-informed prophets, who didn't hesitate to castigate him publicly for any misstep in the sight of God. And, other than for the crime of rebellion, the king couldn't punish any citizen by his own decision. He was obligated by the Torah-procedures like everyone else.
8) A robber repays double to his victim, or works it off. Cutting off the hands of a robber is unacceptable. Debtors are not imprisoned or harmed. They are made to sell property and/or work to repay what they owe. Compare this to the Roman practice by which anyone could accuse a man of owing them money and the debtor could be killed.
9) It is the responsibility of the community to support the widow, the orphan, the poor, and the stranger passing through.
It is important to note that every one of the above was instituted among the Hebrews (a.k.a. the Israelites) thousands of years earlier than in other nations. Here's just one example: Aristotle, who was among the greatest of the Greeks, and Seneca, the famous Roman, both write that killing one's young babies is perfectly acceptable.
The Jewish communtity
The Jewish communtity
Depending on the quote, any quote can be used as a guide to ethical behavior, if that's what its message is. Jews do not have a monopoly on guiding quotes.
"Rabbi" means teacher in Hebrew. And since teachers hold great importance in Judaism, you can figure out the rest for yourself.
The Halach Uinich, a term often associated with Jewish law, refers to the guidelines and principles that govern daily life and ethical behavior within the Jewish community. Its roles include providing a framework for ritual observance, ethical conduct, and interpersonal relationships, ensuring that individuals live in accordance with Jewish values. Additionally, it serves as a source of communal identity and cohesion, guiding members in their spiritual and moral decision-making. Overall, it plays a critical role in maintaining the continuity and integrity of Jewish tradition.
Caryl Rivers has written: 'Indecent behavior' -- subject(s): Jewish women, Biotechnology, Fiction, Behavior modification 'Selling Anxiety' 'For better, for worse' -- subject(s): Anecdotes, facetiae, satire, Parenting, Family 'Intimate enemies' -- subject(s): Protected DAISY 'Aphrodite at mid-century' -- subject(s): Accessible book 'Slick spins and fractured facts' -- subject(s): Journalism, Journalistic ethics, Mass media, Moral and ethical aspects, Moral and ethical aspects of Mass media, Objectivity 'Indecent behavior' -- subject(s): Fiction, Jewish women, Biotechnology, Behavior modification
Because Hebrews believed in monotheism and ethical behavior and these practices and beliefs became Judaism, the religion of the Jewish people. Answer 2: The Oral Torah contains a principle which states that everything that happened to the Patriarchs and their wives, and everything they did, is a portent for the Israelite people.
The Tanakh is the Hebrew Bible. It is the compilations of Jewish history and ethical framework in which Jews strive to live their lives.
The teachings found in Baba Mezia 114b in Jewish law and tradition hold significance as they provide guidance on ethical behavior, fair business practices, and the importance of honesty and integrity in interpersonal relationships. These teachings emphasize the values of justice, compassion, and respect for others, which are fundamental principles in Jewish ethics and morality.
Ethical Monotheism. This became adopted by Christianity and Islam.
One key difference is that the Babylonian religion was polytheistic, with a pantheon of gods and goddesses, while Jewish religion is strictly monotheistic, focusing on the worship of one God. Additionally, Babylonian religion often involved rituals and sacrifices to appease the gods, while Jewish religion emphasized ethical behavior and adherence to religious laws as a means of connecting with God.
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