The pope is elected by the College of Cardinals who meet ten days after the previous pope dies. Recent elections have taken several ballots at the rate of four a day. It normally takes a career as priest, bishop and cardinal before you have a chance to be elected pope. Recent popes have been between 60 and 80 years old (roughly) when they were elected.
The 1922 conclave that elected Pius XI lasted for five days. It took fourteen ballots.
Since Pope Francis is the first and only pope by that name, there is no need for a number after his name. If a pope in the future also decides to take the name Francis, he will become Pope Francis II and then the original Pope Francis will become Pope Francis I.
Pope Francis became a Cardinal in the year 2001
Yes, as long as he is a male and a Catholic.
Yes, as long as he is Catholic.
Yes, as long as he is also a Catholic.
Yes, as long as he is a baptized Catholic who agrees to become a priest and then a bishop.
Odo was never the pope.
Saladin was never a pope.
Saladin was not a pope.
Two days was the length of the conclave that chose Benedict XVI as pope. He was elected on the 4th ballot.
A priest could only become pope if he is elected by the cardinals in conclave.