A Cardinal and The Pope are two different positions in the Catholic Church.
The Cardinal Secretary of State ("Prime Minister') and the Camarlengo.
It takes 2/3 of the cardinal electors at the time to elect a pope. A cardinal elector is a cardinal under age 80.
The only requirement is that you must be a male Catholic. However, it also helps to be a cardinal. The Church has not had a non-cardinal as pope in many centuries.
No, there is no position between cardinal and pope.
Please specify which pope. If you are referring to Pope Francis, he was selected as a cardinal by Pope Benedict XVI.
He was a cardinal in the Roman Curia.
It was not a single cardinal. 2/3 of the Cardinal Electors had to vote for him.
He is almost always a cardinal, usually a cardinal archbishop.
Pope Paul VI named him a cardinal in 1977.
He was the Cardinal Archbishop of Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Pope Benedict, as Cardinal Ratzinger, was Pope John Paul II's right hand man for many, many years. It is to be hoped that the primary moving force in Cardinal Ratzinger's selection as pope was the Holy Spirit, but that fact that Pope John Paul had been Pope for many years, and that no one knew his mind better than Cardinal Ratzinger may have made the choice perfectly obvious to the Cardinals, they certainly didn't take much time to make up their minds.
There were 115 cardinal electors in the conclave that elected Pope Francis.