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A:The Church Fathers of the second century noticed that, when laid side by side in the Greek language, they could see a great deal of common material in the synoptic gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke). They was an obvious literary dependency, and they decided that Matthew's Gospel was first and that Mark and Luke were written from it. They might even have attributed this gospel to Matthew, on of the disciples of Jesus, for this very reason.

Modern scholars agree that there was a literary dependency but say that Mark's Gospel was actually the first New Testament gospel. They now realise that Matthew and Luke were copied from Mark.

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A:The Gospel According to Saint Matthew was written anonymously and was not attributed to Matthew until later in the second century. As with Luke's Gospel, Matthew was based in large part on Mark's Gospel, and it contains some 600 of the 666 verses in Mark. Whenever Matthew agrees with Mark, it does so in the same order and often in the same words in the Greek language, something that could not happen if the two authors were relying on separate traditions or even the same oral tradition. Again in common with Luke, Matthew also contains a substantial amount of sayings material from the hypothetical 'Q' document.

The author of Matthew wanted to demonstrate that the life of Jesus was the fulfilment of the Hebrew scriptures. More than any other New Testament gospel, it contains references to the Old Testament, seeking to show that the life and mission of Jesus were foreshadowed or prophesied in the scriptures. However, he was influenced by the Septuagint, a flawed, early Greek translation of the Hebrew scriptures, not by the original Hebrew versions. As a result, some material he used is not really true to the Old Testament books as written, but was influenced by earlier translation errors.

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Q: How was Matthew's Gospel influential in the writing of the other Synoptic Gospels?
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Whom was the audience john was writing to?

The audience John was writing to in the Gospel of John is believed to be primarily gentile Christians, as evidenced by his focus on theological themes and the universality of Jesus' message. This sets it apart from the synoptic Gospels, which were written with a more Jewish audience in mind.


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A:The New Testament gospels were originally anonymous and modern biblical scholars say the second-century attributions to the apostles were speculative, rather than based on fact. Therefore, there is no reason to expect that, for example, Matthew's Gospel would have been written in Aramaic or Hebrew. The synoptic gospels were all written in Greek Koine, a dialect of Attic Greek. This can most readily be demonstrated by reading them in parallel in the original Greek language, when you will se that as the authors of Matthew and Luke copied from Mark, they often used exactly the same words in the Greek language. This would only be possible if they were working from a Greek copy of Mark and writing their new gospels out in the same language.


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What was Matthew's influence on writing the Bible?

A:Matthew, the disciple of Jesus, seems to have had no influence on writing the New Testament. When the Church Fathers first saw that there was a literary dependency among the synoptic gospels, they assumed that the gospel they would attribute to Matthew was the original and that Mark and Luke were copied from it. This would mean that Matthew's influence was very considerable, having not only written one gospel, but having two of the other gospels based on that original.Modern scholars agree that there is a literary dependency among the synoptic gospels but have established that the gospel the Church Fathers attributed to Mark was really the original and that most of Mark was copied by the author of Matthew. Not only do they say that Matthew was not written by an eyewitness to the events portrayed, but that it was largely derived from Mark and another source, the hypothetical 'Q' document.


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A:The first three gospels are often referred to as the synoptic gospels. This is because the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke have many of the same stories, often in same sequence (although not always). There are even ocasions where they use the exact same wording. A:The Synoptic Gospels are Matthew, Mark and Luke. They are called synoptic because they are intriguingly similar and intriguingly different. The most common theory is that Mark is the oldest of these, and Matthew and Luke in various ways used Mark along with other material to create their individual narratives.Scholars believe that this other material consisted of material unique to each of Matthew and Luke (ie material they wrote themselves - called 'M' and 'L') and further material that is common to both Matthew and Luke but not found in Mark. This material consists mostly of the sayings of Jesus and scholars now believe that this came from a now lost source called 'Q' (from the German 'Quelle' meaning 'source').Other theories - for example, that Matthew (or Luke) is the oldest Gospel and Mark wrote his account later leaving outchunks of material was once a common belief, but modern textual criticism suggests that Mark was the first gospel to have been written with additions made by Luke and Matthew.


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