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Catholic AnswerA person is liable before God for all his actions. He must always act according to his conscience, if he goes against his conscience he is sinning - even if his conscience is wrong. Of course, if his conscience is wrong, then he is sinning by not informing his conscience correctly. That is everybody's individual responsibile - to correctly inform his conscience (to educate it) and to follow it. The Pope must follow that as well.

You have two questions here, one is what is a person's responsibility, and the other is what is the Holy Father's responsibility. You needn't worry about that second as that is between the Holy Father and God. You are only responsible for your own actions.

There was an interesting discussion of this in Faith Facts Answers to Catholic Questions by Leon J. Suprenant, Jr. & Philip C.L. Gray, which discusses what should one do if one is asked to stand during the Eucharistic Prayer by a priest when you know that the Church tells us we are to kneel. The priest, in this case is wrong, and we should kneel. However, to commit scandal is a sin, and if by disobeying the priest we cause another to sin through scandal, then we are committing sin which may be mortal. In this particular case I would not think it would be mortal as the conditions are not all met.

In the case of the Holy Father. You have two different sets of teachings. When the Holy Father is teaching ex cathedra, then he is infallible. In this case you need not worry as to whether he is wrong or not, as we know that he can not be wrong. If he is not teaching ex cathedra, then you are still obliged to form your own conscience correctly and abide by that, not his opinion.

from The Catechism of the Catholic Church, second edition, English translation 1994

1783 Conscience must be informed and moral judgment enlightened. A well-formed conscience is upright and truthful. It formulates its judgments according to reason, in conformity with the true good willed by the wisdom of the Creator. The education of conscience is indispensable for human beings who are subjected to negative influences and tempted by sin to prefer their own judgment and to reject authoritative teachings.

1790 A human being must always obey the certain judgment of his conscience. If he were deliberately to act against it, he would condemn himself. Yet it can happen that moral conscience remains in ignorance and makes erroneous judgments about acts to be performed or committed.

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