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Essenes are not mentioned in the New Testament. We know of them from Josephus, Philo and the Dead Sea Scrolls. Apparently, the people of the Scrolls were closely related to the Essenes. Essenes may have begun about the same time as the Pharisees and Sadducees. They were an ascetic group, many of whom lived in the desert region of Qumran, near the Dead Sea. They took vows of celibacy and perpetuated their community by adopting male children. Some did marry. When one joined the Essenes, he gave all his possessions to the community. A three year period of probation was required before full membership was granted. The Essenes devoted themselves to the study of the law. They went beyond the Pharisees in their rigid understanding of it. There is no evidence that either Jesus or John the Baptist ever had any relation to Qumran. Jesus would have strongly opposed their understanding of the law. The vast majority of the people were not members of any of these parties, although they would have been most influenced by the Pharisees.

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