You would always capitalize the word Jew because it is the name of a nationality. Other nationalities are also always capitalized, for examples:
Your would be capatalized, but son would not. : Your son,
I believe the word you are looking for is proper noun.
No because fairy is a weird noun but the name of the fairy needs to be in capital letters.
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No, bebop is not capatalized.
Yes.
No, because it isnot a propernoun.
Yes it should be capitalized.
No, its not a proper noun.
In general, the word "Earth" is capitalized when referring to the planet as a proper noun. However, if used in a more general sense (e.g. "the earth beneath our feet"), it is not capitalized.
I don't think it really matters, but generally yes.
Unless you are using it in a proper noun form, such as "My dog's name is Tyrannosaurus Rex" or "The park is called The T-Rex Playground", it should not be capatalized. It is like the word 'dog'; it names a species, not a specific thing.