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Arianism is named after Arius of Alexandria, a priest who lived in the early fourth century. In 318 Arius became involved in a dispute with the bishop Alexander of Alexandria over the nature of Christ.

None of Arius' original works have survived, having been ordered to be burned by Emperor Constantine while Arius was still alive. What is known of Arius' views is recorded by his opponents and therefore possibly unreliable.

Assuming that Arius is properly quoted and understood by his opponents, he apparently taught that Jesus Christ was not entirely God but rather a created being. Arius taught that there was a "once" when Christ did not exist, for he was created only so that God could create the universe through him. Christ was not "consubstantial" (made of the same substance) of the Father nor was he coeternal (equally eternal as God the Father).

In short, Arius held that Christ was the highest creation, but a creation none the less.
One of Arius' chief opponents was Athanasius of Alexandria, a deacon at the time.

Athanasius held that Christ was of one being with God the Father and was God incarnate for the sake of man's salvation.

Emperor Constantine called the Council of Nicaea, a meeting of bishops in 325 to resolve the controversy and bring unity to Christian belief. Although most of the bishops who were in attendance tended toward Arianism, the council arrived at the conclusion that Jesus Christ was in fact God and formulated the Nicene Creed which reads that Jesus is "God from God, Light from Light, True God of True God, begotten not made, of one being with the Father, by whom all things were made."

Arius and his teachings were condemned. Ever after Arianism is considered one of the major and most heinous heresies in Christian Orthodoxy.

Despite his condemnation, Arius succeeded Alexander as bishop of Alexandria and his views enjoyed a short lived period of popularity once more until he and his teachings were again anathematized in the Council of Constantinople in 381.

Arius died unexpectedly in 336 of painful disembowelment before being received into communion again. Some viewed his death as miraculous.

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