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The Bible is not just a single book with just one author, so the actions and qualities attributed to God inevitably differ from book to book and author to author. Even in the Book of Genesis, which scholars generally believe to have been written by three principal authors, ascribes different actions and qualities to God. These authors were anonymous but are now known to scholars as the Yahwist, the Elohist and the Priestly Source.

  • The Yahwist describes God as making promises and covenants with his chosen people. In the creation story, we find that his powers are limited, and he can not make living things out of nothing: he makes Adam and the animals out of moist earth and makes Eve out of a rib from Adam. It is the Yahwist's God that Adam and later biblical characters could talk to, face to face.
  • The Elohist (E source) describes a more transcendent God who required obedience and was feared by his people. People could never look at the Elohist’s God, so he typically came in dreams or visions, but sometimes in the form of a cloud or a flame.
  • The Priestly source (P) describes a remote and unmerciful God. In the creation story (Genesis 1:1-2:4a), God is all-powerful and simply speaks things into existence, and the Priestly Source often used the Hebrew name El Shaddai ('God Almighty') for God.
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