It depends which prayer but: Tallis, Tefilin, Siddur/Machzor, a Yarmulke and some times a Sefertorah/ Megillah.
No. That is a Christian prayer.
The Shema prayer.
Whenever they want to. Private prayer is not dictated by Judaism.
The chazan.See also:More about Jewish prayer
Israel is a secular country and, as a result, has no official prayer or hymn book. If the question is using "Israel" as a euphemism for Judaism, the prayer book and hymnal for Judaism is the Siddur (סידור).
The Lord's Prayer is Christian in origin.
Dov Baer Schneersohn has written: 'Sha'are teshuvah' -- subject(s): Cabala, Judaism, Prayer, Repentance (Judaism), Shema' (Jewish prayer)
Robert Orkand has written: 'Gates of wonder' -- subject(s): English, Jewish children, Judaism, Prayer books and devotions, Prayer-books and devotions 'Gates of awe' -- subject(s): High Holidays, Judaism, Juvenile literature, Liturgy, Prayer books and devotions, Reform Judaism, Texts
David Derovan has written: 'Prayer' -- subject(s): Study and teaching, Judaism, Prayer
Chaim Trachtman has written: 'Women and men in communal prayer' -- subject(s): Jewish women, Women in Judaism, Bible, Judaism, Orthodox Judaism, Religious life, Prayer, Jewish law, Synagogue etiquette, Reading, Feminism
In Judaism, there are designated times for prayer throughout the day. The main prayer services are Shacharit (morning), Mincha (afternoon), and Ma'ariv or Arvit (evening). Additionally, there are special prayers and blessings recited throughout the day.
Mezuzut or Mezuzas (Mezuza is singular).