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Roman Catholic AnswerThere are six offenses for which one is automatically excommunicated, and one other for which one may be excommunicated. Most of them are rather rare, Canon 1364 which involves excommunication for leaving the faith is more common, and, of course, Canon 1398 is so outrageously trampled upon in this day and age as to make the angels weep.

from Code of Canon Law, translation prepared under the auspices of the Canon Law Society of America, Nihil obstat: + Anthony J. Bevilacqua, J.C.D.; Imprimatur: Rev. Msgr. John F. Donoghue, Canon Law Society of America, Washington D.C.

Canon 1364) an apostate from the faith, a heretic or a schismatic incurs automatic (latae sententiae)excommunication.

Canon 1367) A person who throws away the consecrated species or who takes them or retains them for a sacrilegious purpose incurs an automatic (Latae sententiae) excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See...

Canon 1370) § 1. One who uses physical force against the Roman Pontiff incurs an automatic (latae sententiae) excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; . . .

Canon 1378) § 1. A priest who acts against the prescription of can. 977 incurs an automatic (latae sententiae) excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See. {can. 977 is absolution of an accomplice in a sin against the sixth commandment of the Decalogue is invalid, except in danger of death.}

§ 3 In the case mentioned in § 2 {one who attempts to enact the liturgical action of the Eucharistic Sacrifice who has not been promoted to the priestly order, or attempts to impart sacramental absolution or hear a sacramental confession when one cannot validly give sacramental absolution} other penalties including excommunication can be added in accord with the seriousness of the offense.

Canon 1382) A bishop who consecrates someone a bishop and the person who receives such a consecration from a bishop without a pontifical mandate incur an automatic (latae sententiae) excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See.

Canon 1388) § 1 A confessor who directly violates the seal of confession incurs an automatic (latae sententiae) excommunication reserved to the Apostolic See; if he does so only indirectly, he is to be punished in accord with the seriousness of the offense.

§ 2. An interpreter and other persons mentioned in can. 983, § 2, {An interpreter, if there is one present, is also obliged to preserve the secret, and also all others to whom knowledge of sins from confession shall come in any way} who violate this secrecy are to be punished with a just penally, not excluding excommunication.

Canon 1398) A person who procures a successful abortion incurs an automatic (latae sententiae) excommunication.

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