Called Imam
Muhammad (PBUH) today in different Islamic countries there are different leaders called Imam.
Iran
in Shia Islam Imam Khomeini and today Imam Khamenei
The term that best describes a government based on religion is called a Theocracy (Theo meaning God).
please, see the related question below which is " In which part of the world is Islamic religion mainly practiced today ?"
There is one called the qiran. it very easy to access and fun to use. sing up today find local islamic people in your area. If you wish to find it search qiran.com
Today is 13 January 2013 that is the first of the 3rd month of the Islamic Hijra calendar called Rabii Awwal.
Popes & Patriarchs.
Most people in the Middle East today practice Islam.
Allover the world and ranging from small minorities in some places to 100% majorities in other places.
The Hebrew (or Israelite) religion is called Judaism, religion of the Jews.
According to the English calendar the 11th month of the year is called November but according to the Islamic calendar the 11th month is called Zikad and today is 23rd of Zikad.