Jewish law, which is found in the Talmud, is called halacha. Just like modern secular law, there are hundreds of different categories of halacha. The second major category are binding customs called minhagim. Minhagim differ between communities but have the effect of law in communities that observe them.
The pharisees (who were the leaders of the jewish religion at the time) felt that their authority and reputation was being threatened because Jesus told people to follow different laws and broke some of the Pharisee's laws.
Jewish and Bolshevik
Laws are created by the legistative branch. The two groups, I assume, are the two parts of Congress: The House of Representatives and The Senate.
Rather than rewrite two perfectly good answers, see the Related Questions on the Jewish Holy Books and Jewish Laws.
christian and Jewish
christian and Jewish
it was contested by two bedouin and three Jewish clans
Jewish star.
maybe the corinthians and athenians...
Laws and leaders.
Two kinds of special laws are local laws, which apply only to specific regions or localities, and private laws, which apply only to specific individuals or groups. They are distinct from general laws that apply to the entire population.
Talmud is the Jewish book of laws.