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According to Genesis Chapter 42, the Israelites left their land of Canaan for Mitsraim* because of famine in the entire area of the southeastern Mediterranean. The event most likely took place in the closing years of the 18th century B.C.E.** At that time, the Israelites were led by Jacob, who was the father of Joseph and his eleven brothers; the son of Isaac and Rebecca; and the grandson of Abraham and Sarah. The decision to leave was based on the news that the ancient Egyptian Pharaoh had approved the storehousing of grain to be sold to the starving peoples within his borders and beyond.

The Pharaoh's foresightedness was based on the interpretive skills of Jacob's son Joseph. The Pharaoh had dreamed of seven fat cows emerging from the Nile, only to be eaten by seven lean cows. Joseph interpreted the dream as a warning of seven years of plenty to be followed by seven years of misery. Fortunately, the Pharaoh decided to listen to the young, prescient Joseph.

*Modern-day Egypt

**Before the Christian Era

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