What did abbasids change during their rule?

Answer 1

Mawali (or non-Arab Muslims) were traditionally excluded from political and social affairs. The Umayyad in particular treated them as second-class Muslims. The evidence of this treatment was that Mawali were not allowed to have many government positions and that they were taxed whereas Arab Muslims were not taxed at all. Mawali made up an important component of the Umayyad Caliphate, especially Persians. Persia was always a high seat of culture in the Islamic Empire. As a result, ideas moved quite freely throughout Persia and Persians considered themselves to be of equal worth to Arabs.

The Abbassids counteracted this. Mawali were treated as equals with Arabs under Abbassid rules and much of the Abbassid power base came from Persians and Khorasanis who were Mawali themselves. They did not receive favorable treatment, but equal treatment.

Answer 2

The Abbassids ruled for over 400 years and therefore changed numerous things.

They implemented new forms of bureaucracy (especially tax collection), implemented equal rights between Arab Muslims and Mawali (Non-Arab Muslims), moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad, patronized the Sciences, Philosophy, and History, built massive universities, created one of the most powerful economies of its time, changed the religious make-up of Central Asia, precipitated the westward movement of Türks through the enslavement of Mamluks, etc.

All of these things were completely new for an Islamic Empire when the Abbassids implemented them.

Answer 3

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Abbasids developed a rich culture but could not hold their empire together

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