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According to the Book of Exodus, the Israelites, who had previously been free settlers in Egypt, were enslaved because the pharaoh became alarmed at their growing number and the risk that the Israelites might one day seek to overthrow the Egyptian rule.

On the other hand, Ze'ev Herzog (Ha'aretz Magazine, 29 October, 1999) says that what archaeologists have learned from their excavations in the Land of Israel is that the Israelites were never in Egypt, did not wander in the desert, did not conquer the land in a military campaign and did not pass it on to the twelve tribes of Israel. He says the many Egyptian documents that we have make no mention of the Israelites' presence in Egypt and are also silent about the events of the Exodus. If the Israelites were never in Egypt, then of course they were never slaves for the pharaoh.

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11y ago

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