What did the words of the Hebrew prophets do?

Answer 1

The prophets were extremely learned and pious individuals, both men and women, whose superlative level of piety merited them with visions from God. They had to be humble, yet speak with authority. They had to love their people, yet not hesitate to speak caustic words if commanded to by God.
The prophets were called upon by God to guide the people and to guide the king. While the king had authority in national matters of state, and the Sanhedrin (Sages) had say in Torah-rulings and halakha (law), the prophets spoke in matters of ethics, of belief, of loyalty to God, and behavior. They rebuked the people at God's command, they predicted events which God revealed to them, they taught through Divine inspiration, and they provided optimism and hope with the prophecies of eventual Redemption.
Some of the prophetical chapters (or books) detail Israelite history and past events, some exhort the people to improve their spiritual level, some predict events and/or warn (especially concerning the First Destruction), some serve to comfort the nation, some speak of prayer and love of God, and some speak of life, experience and wisdom.

Answer 2

Words don't do anything. People acting at the behest of those words did things. There were cases, such as the prophecy of Jonah that resulted in mass repentance and Divine pardon. There were other prophecies, such as those of Jeremiah which were scorned and were not paid heed at the relevant hour.

Answer 3

Israelite society was based upon the covenant with God. There was always a learned class among the Israelites. A portion of each day was spent praying, and another, larger part of the day, was spent studying Torah (by a good part of the populace). Having a large family was an ideal, as was welcoming guests into the home, giving charity, and other forms of kindness. A portion of crops were given to the poor.

Answer 4

The Hebrew Bible made us proud to be Jewish (see Deuteronomy 4:6-8).
It increased our reverence towards God; crystallized, strengthened and codified our beliefs; insured our awareness and knowledge of our history; and provided powerful impetus to be ethical.
It made us stand in awe of God, while also providing optimism and comfort through the prophecies of redemption. It inspired us to strive for holiness and informed us how to pray and to approach God's presence.
It gave us a great deal of general information, guidance and advice.
And it set detailed laws, practices and traditions for us forever.See also the Related Links.

Link: History of the Hebrew Bible

Link: What was Israelite society like?

Link: How do Jewish beliefs affect us?