If you are referring to Rabbis. Depending on the type of synagogue it is, most place ads to hire a new Rabbi. Potential hires apply to the position and interview with a committee from the synagogue. Once the applicants are narrowed down to a couple, they will usually visit the synagogue to lead a service so that the congregation can meet them and see if they're a fit.
Many of the leaders are mentioned in the Tanakh (Hebrew Bible). See also:Timeline and leaders
The Tanakh (Hebrew Bible) has information about the Hebrew leaders. See also:http://judaism.answers.com/jewish-history/timeline-of-jewish-history
They were hereditary tribal chiefs and princelings.
The father of the leaders of the 12 tribes of Israel according to the Hebrew Bible was Jacob, also known as Israel.
The most famous leaders are Moses, Joshua, samuel.
There isn't just one document. There is a collection of documents called the Torah, the Prophets and the Holy Writings. In Hebrew it's known as the Tanakh (תנ״ך) and in English it's called the Hebrew Bible.
The King lead Ancient Hebrew. The first King was Saul, then David, then Solomon, so on and so on.
He was chosen by God to lead the Hebrew from slavery
There isn't a Hebrew name with this meaning.
Both Moses and then Joshua were the leaders of the Hebrew people.
when leaders fail to lead or become immoral
The tribe leaders did not have any specific title.