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The first site below has pictures of Medieval clothing for a Bishop, the second site and descriptions.
Popes wear clothing under their religious garments as do all priests and bishops,
Popes customarily wear a white zucchetto and that included Pope John XXIII.
The Holy Father wears a white cassock with a white cincture, and a white shoulder cape. Some popes have been known to wear red shoes, which dates back centuries, Pope Benedict XVI wore them, Pope Francis does not. Popes also wear a white zucchetto. See photo attached below.
The pope wear white to symbolize he's Christ's vicar on Earth.
The tradition of the Pope wearing a white Cassock started with Pope Pius V who was a Dominican, and instead of adopting the red worn by previous Popes, he continued to wear his Dominican Habit [with the distinctions of his Office, of course] Each level of the Church's hierarchy has its traditional color: popes wear white, cardinals wear red, bishops wear violet and priests wear black.
Popes do not elect popes. Popes are elected by the cardinal electors.
Yes, popes wear a variety of hats, especially Pope Benedict XVI who revived wearing a couple hats that have not been worn by popes in some time.
The vast majority of popes have been Italian. As of February of 2013 there have been only 18 popes from other countries.
There have been 17 popes from France, the second behind Italian popes.
the popes had more power over the kings
Papaphobia is the fear of popes.
No, it is not true that popes can marry.