Jewish life and traditions
This requires too much to post just on Wiki, but to summarize, students, at least in the US, learn the same basic academics that students in public schools do, in addition to study of Jewish law, living a Jewish life (not entirely the same things), the Torah and Tamudic bases for Jewish law, the history of Jewish thought, including the commentary of the great sages (more for boys than girls). Girls will especially learn things like how to dress according to tsnius, keep a kosher kitchen, and keep Shabbes in the home. Some schools have Hebrew language classes. They also, in the US, will study US civics, the constitution, and other things like that in order to function as US citizens.
They learn, just like non-Jewish kids do.
Students typically learn about fractions in school around the 3rd or 4th grade.
Public school instruction in Israel is in Hebrew for Jewish students, and could be in either Hebrew or Arabic for Arab students. All students start learning English as a second language early on (typically at age 9), and by high school, many take a third language (usually French).
They learn religion,reading,and arithmetic.
Boys and men are given skullcaps for their heads and they learn the Jewish traditions and they eat kosher food.
a school that does not require their students to learn the national or local language of the country
The motto of The Winston School is 'bright students who learn differently'.
Students typically learn about fractions in elementary school, usually around 3rd or 4th grade.
The students learned to use a compass and they learned about geography and studied astronomy in Prince Henry's school.
because students need to learn.
Conji
Yes. Consult your local Orthodox rabbi. That rabbi will point you to an Orthodox rabbi who works with a beth din (Jewish court, consisting of 3 judges) that will supervise the conversion. Note that Orthodox conversion (like all conversions to Judaism under any branch of Judaism) is not simple. It requires on the order of a year of serious study, plus regular participation in Jewish services and, as you learn what you are getting into, increasing adherence to Jewish law and tradition. Furthermore, Jewish tradition requires that the potential convert be discouraged from conversion because it exposes you to the wrath of antisemites and because you don't need to be Jewish to be seen as righteous.