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It represents the heart of the Catholic religion. It is the Pope's house and church.

There is a passage in The Bible where Jesus says "Now I say to you that you are Peter (which means 'rock'), and upon this rock I will build my church, and all the powers of hell will not conquer it."

This is a reference to Peter (Rock is pietra in latin and the name Peter is Pietro). The Catholic Church took that quite literally because St. Peter's Basilica was built literally on top of St. Peter's tomb which is located right before the altar.

Also, St. Peter was the first pope and all of the popes who came after him are said to occupy Peter's seat.

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