carthage
By winning a number of wars Rome expanded into an empire which was the second largest empire antiquity saw and the 17th largest in history.
During Rome's second period of expansion, which is often associated with the Punic Wars (264-146 BCE), its main enemy was Carthage. The conflict arose over control of trade routes and territories in the western Mediterranean. Rome's victory in these wars, particularly the defeat of Hannibal in the Second Punic War, significantly expanded its influence and territorial holdings. This period marked a crucial turning point in Rome's transformation from a regional power to a dominant empire.
The Ottoman Empire's military defeats in the Second Siege of Vienna and the naval Battle of Lepanto prevented further Ottoman expansion.
It was during the reign of second Rightful Caliph Hazrat Umar r.u.a.
Humayun ruled the Mughal Empire twice, first from 1530 to 1540 and then from 1555 until his death in 1556. During his second reign, Humayun successfully regained control of the empire with the help of the Persian ruler Shah Tahmasp, who provided him military support. He focused on consolidating his rule, restoring order, and laying the groundwork for the future expansion of the empire under his son, Akbar. His achievements during this period helped stabilize the Mughal dynasty after years of turmoil.
From its expansion through southern Asia in the second half of the 6th Century BCE until its conquest by Alexander the Great in the second half of the 4th Century BCE.
It made imperial expansion and the creation of the 15th largest empire in history and the second largest empire in antiquity possible.
The Persian Empire lasted from the second half of the 6th Century BCE until Alexander the Great took over the empire 200 years later.
Second French Empire.
The Aztecs built their empire second, after the Maya civilization. The Aztec Empire flourished in Mesoamerica from the 14th to the 16th century, while the Maya civilization reached its peak in the Classic period from 250 to 900 AD.
The Second and First Centuries BCE.