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The Bar Kochba Revolt, which took place from 132 to 136 CE, was instigated by a combination of factors, including the Roman Emperor Hadrian's decision to construct a Roman city, Aelia Capitolina, on the ruins of Jerusalem and the prohibition of Jewish religious practices. The implementation of policies that marginalized Jewish identity and the heavy taxation imposed by the Romans further fueled discontent among the Jewish population. These grievances culminated in a widespread uprising led by Simon Bar Kochba, who was seen as a messianic figure promising Jewish independence.

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