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The main difference between Twelver and Zaydi Shi'is lies in their beliefs about the line of leadership and the Imamate. Twelver Shi'is believe in a succession of twelve Imams, with the twelfth Imam, Muhammad al-Mahdi, currently in occultation and expected to return as a messianic figure. In contrast, Zaydi Shi'is do not adhere to a fixed line of Imams and believe that any qualified descendant of the Prophet Muhammad can lead the community, allowing for a more flexible interpretation of leadership. This fundamental difference shapes their religious practices and theological perspectives.

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